Rosenbergs visit a photographer to obtain passport photos. David Greenglass names Julius as the man who recruited him to spy for the Soviet Union. United States forces engage in the Korean War. Julius Rosenberg arrested while shaving. Ethel Rosenberg arrested. Sobell and family are kidnapped by Mexican thugs and delivered to U. Greenglasses change their story, implicating Ethel Rosenberg in spy activities. William Perl is arrested on espionage charge.
Jury returns verdict: Guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage. Judge Kaufman imposes the death sentence on Rosenbergs, sentences Sobell to 30 years. Supreme Court announces that it ruled against granting certiorari on the Rosenberg's appeal. Julius Rosenberg was born on May 12, , in New York. He graduated from the City College of New York with a degree in electrical engineering in and in joined the Army Signal Corps where he worked on radar equipment. He became a leader in the Young Communist League, where he met Ethel in , before marrying her three years later.
Ethel Greenglass was born on September 28, , in New York. She was an aspiring actress and singer, but eventually took a secretarial job at a shipping company. They refused and were executed. In , the only surviving defendant, Morton Sobell, admitted that he was a Soviet spy and implicated Julius Rosenberg in industrial and military espionage.
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They were charged with conspiracy and providing atomic secrets to the USSR. They could not be charged for treason since the U. They also defended Sobell , who was put on trial with the Rosenbergs.
Judge Irving R. Kaufman presided over the trial. He opened the trial by stating : "The evidence will show that the loyalty and alliance of the Rosenbergs and Sobell were not to our country, but that it was to Communism. Communism in this country and Communism throughout the world. Sobell and Julius Rosenberg, classmates together in college, dedicated themselves to the cause of Communism.
This love of Communism and the Soviet Union soon led them into a Soviet espionage ring. During the trial, both Ethel and Julius pleaded the Fifth Amendment when asked repeated questions related to espionage, and when questioned about being members of the Communist Party. Not answering questions proved to be problematic for the Rosenbergs because during the era of McCarthyism , many believed that the refusal to answer questions was an admission of guilt and involvement with the Communist Party.
Ethel and Julius denied all allegations of espionage, and refused to provide any names. Since the Rosenbergs were being charged with conspiracy, no tangible evidence was required. Greenglass secretly testified before a grand jury in August In this testimony he named Julius and claimed he was recruited to join the Soviet spy ring by him. He stated that Julius asked him to help provide secrets about atomic weapons so that Julius could pass on the information to the USSR.
He then claimed that he passed this information to Julius on a New York street corner, and that Ethel was not involved. This new testimony, now against Julius and Ethel, was part of a deal granted to the Greenglasses. In exchange for this new testimony, Ruth was permitted to remain with their children and care for them. The Greenglasses now claimed that Julius, with help from Ethel, recruited David into the atomic spy ring in At this time, Greenglass worked at Los Alamos.
They claimed that David gave a sketch and description of an atomic bomb to Julius in September Now, however, Greenglass claimed that this exchange occurred in the living room of the Rosenbergs' New York apartment, and that Ethel was present.
They stated Ethel was present during all meetings, typing notes for Julius. Ruth stated in her witness testimony: "Julius then took the info into the bathroom and read it and when he came out he called Ethel and told her she had to type this info immediately. Ethel then sat down at the typewriter which she placed on a bridge table in the living room and proceeded to type the info which David had given to Julius.
She was viewed as a co-conspirator and never indicted. Some scholars believe that Ruth may have been the individual to type notes, due to her past involvement with the Communist Party , and conflicting statements made by David. The Greenglasses never withdrew their new testimony.
On March 29, , the court convicted Julius and Ethel Rosenberg of conspiracy to commit espionage. On April 5, Judge Kaufman sentenced them to death, and sentenced Sobell to 30 years in prison. Some reports claim that the Rosenbergs were offered a plea deal, where admittance of their guilt would grant them a prison sentence.
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