Search for:. Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: Name examples of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells Describe the relative sizes of different kinds of cells. Additional Self Check Question 1. Describe the structures that are characteristic of a prokaryote cell.
Answer 1. Prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane and have DNA, cytoplasm, and ribosomes, like eukaryotic cells.
They also have cell walls and may have a cell capsule. Prokaryotes have a single large chromosome that is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
Prokaryotes may have flagella or motility, pili for conjugation, and fimbriae for adhesion to surfaces. Licenses and Attributions. CC licensed content, Shared previously.
DNA Structure. When you select "Subscribe" you will start receiving our email newsletter. Use the links at the bottom of any email to manage the type of emails you receive or to unsubscribe. See our privacy policy for additional details. Learn Site. Eukaryotic vs. Most eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes, whereas prokaryotic cells have just one circular chromosome.
Eukaryotic chromosomes are located within the nucleus, whereas prokaryotic chromosomes are located in the nucleoid. In eukaryotic chromosomes, DNA is wound around histone proteins, and then, it is further compacted by supercoiling and folding. In prokaryotic chromosomes, DNA is supercoiled and compacted by nucleoid-associated proteins. Here is a basic summary of the key differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosomes.
Such membraneless structures have been reported in many bacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis , which causes tuberculosis, and cyanobacteria, a type of photosynthetic bacteria that can also cause disease. Ribosomes : In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes are bigger, more complex and bound by a membrane.
They can be found in various places: Sometimes in the cytoplasm; on the endoplasmic reticulum; or attached to the nuclear membrane covering on the nucleus. In prokaryotic cells, the ribosomes are scattered and floating freely throughout the cytoplasm. The ribosomes in prokaryotic cells also have smaller subunits. All ribosomes in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are made of two subunits — one larger and one smaller.
In eukaryotes, these pieces are identified by scientists as the S and S subunits. In prokaryotes, the ribosomes are made of slightly smaller subunits, called S and S. The difference in types of subunits has allowed scientists to develop antibiotic drugs , such as streptomycin, that attack certain types of infectious bacteria, according to the British Society for Cell Biology.
On the downside, some bacterial toxins and the polio virus use the ribosome differences to their advantage; they're able to identify and attack eukaryotic cells' translation mechanism, or the process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins.
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